指示代词
(一)this，that和these，those
指示代词this和that的复数形式分别为these和those，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语，this和these表示较近的空间或时间，that和those表示较远的空间和时间。
例句： In the past， most foresters have been men， but today， the number of women pursuing this field is climbing.
分析： 该句是并列句。
译文： 过去林业工人多半是男人，可如今从事这一行业的妇女人数在增加。
例句： We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished， as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages. (2004年第62题)
分析： 该句是复合句，主句为We are obliged to them。because引导一个状语从句，定语从句who spoke them修饰the peoples，as引导的句子可以看做插入语，补充说明 some of these languages have since vanished的原因。
译文： 我们之所以感激他们(两位先驱)，是因为在此以后，这些语言中有一些已经不复存在了，这是由于使用这些语言的民族或是消亡了，或是被同化而丧失了自己的本族语言。
(二)指示代词that和those也可用于比较结构，表示前面提到的东西，避免重复
例句： The number of registered participants in this year's marathon was half that of last year's. (1996年第7题)
分析： 该句是简单句，本句的主语是单数名词number，因此后面指代它的代词只能是单数that，谓语用单数。
译文： 今年登记参加马拉松赛跑的人数是去年的一半。
例句： His function is analogous to that of a judge， who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision. (2006年第47题)
分析： 该句是复合句，主句为His function is analogous to that of a judge。定语从句who must accept...修饰a judge，介词短语in as obvious a matter as possible作状语，用来说明reveal的方式，另一个定语从句which led him to his decision修饰the course of reasoning。
译文： 他的职责与法官相似，必须承担这样的责任： 用尽可能明了的方式来展示自己作出决定的推理过程。
例句： These bunches of flowers are more beautiful than those we bought yesterday.
译文： 这些束花比昨天我们买的那些花漂亮多了。
(三)指示代词such在句中作主语、表语和定语
例句： Such is what you want me to do.
Such are the meanings of authentic love.
(such作表语时，往往置于句首)
注意： such用作定语时和副词so的区别在前面副词一节中已提到。
(四)指示代词same的用法
在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，其前与定冠词the连用。
例句： Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements — usually carbon， hydrogen， oxygen， and sometimes nitrogen. (选自1996年Cloze Test)
分析： 该句是复合句。
译文： 因为是由同样的元素构成——通常是碳、氢、氧，有时还有氮，所以各种维生素都很相似。
